Civilian Complaint Review Board

Set up in its present manifestation in 1993 under the administration of previous New York City Mayor David N. Dinkins, the Civilian Complaint Review Board declares to be the biggest regular citizen oversight organization of its sort inside the United States, and examines a great many non military personnel protests every year. Despite the fact that it has just existed in its present structure for barely 10 years, the origination of a board appointed capacity to research grumblings about potential police wrongdoing originates before the organization of Robert Wagner, who was answerable for contributing the early Civilian Complaint Review Board-which was then contained exclusively of three agent police chiefs with new powers in 1955. Notwithstanding, it stayed a territory of the NYPD, with all examinations being led by cops, and their discoveries sent to the appointee officials for proposal. In 1965, Mayor John Lindsay would ask previous government judge Lawrence E. Walsh to lead an examination concerning the job of the survey board. He would suggest that individuals from the overall population, non-cops, be given significant expert in any new non military personnel protest survey board. In this manner, Lindsay planned an inquiry advisory group entrusted with discovering regular citizens fit to serve on this new audit board, which was led by previous Attorney General Herbert Brownell. After much discussion and resistance to the proposition from the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association-Mayor Lindsay chose to name four regular citizens to the reconstituted board. This provoked adversaries of the recently updated board to battle for a city voting form recommendation that would have illegal any immediate non military personnel oversight of formally dressed cops in New York City. The measure was ordered by a staggering edge, and the audit board by and by went under the sole domain of the New York Police Department. In 1986, the New York City Council authorized a bit of enactment that called for forcing some level of regular citizen oversight by and by, which prompted the arrangement of six new individuals by the chairman with the guidance and assent of the City Council-and six by the police magistrate. The Civilian Complaints Investigative Bureau at that point started to enlist regular people to examine objections held up against the NYPD, yet did as such with the oversight of police division agents and workers. The episode that stirred a few individuals from the political body politic and certain fragments of general society behind the development for an all-non military personnel administrative board happened on August 6, 1988, where people fighting a time limitation forced over Tompkins Square Park were coercively expelled from the premises. The Civilian Complaint Review Board appointed an examination concerning this episode, and distributed a report that was very incredulous of NYPD lead during that showdown. Pundits of inner police methodology utilized the Tompkins Square â€Å"riots† so as to press for an all-non military personnel survey board. In 1993 Mayor Dinkins and the New York City Council made the Civilian Complaint Review Board in its present manifestation and contributed it with summon authority, and enabled it to suggest disciplinary measures in situations where police unfortunate behavior were confirmed and validated. Throughout the years, NYPD officials have gone under open investigation with claims of debasement, ruthlessness, inordinate utilization of power, and poor gun discipline. [1] Individual episodes have would in general get greater exposure; a part of which have been validated while others have not. The Knapp Commission during the 1970s, and the Mollen Commission in 1994 have prompted changes inside the NYPD planned to improve police responsibility. Anyway as of late, likely because of low pay rates and declining confidence, a lot progressively off the clock NYPD officials are being captured and charged in and outside the city for violations going from alcoholic heading to murder. [2] One of the office's most fantastic instances of debasement was that of Lt. Charles Becker, who holds the questionable differentiation of being the main NYPD official to kick the bucket in the hot seat. Because of rehashed open clamor over these and numerous different occurrences, explicitly, the Tompkins Square Riot of the 1988, and the Crown Heights Riot, provoked the making of the Civilian Complaint Review Board[3] (known ordinarily by its abbreviation, the CCRB) in 1993, a free insightful unit of altogether non military personnel examiners (with some being previous individuals from the NYPD), who research charges of Force, Discourtesy, Offensive Language and Abuse of Authority made by individuals from general society against individuals from the NYPD. Grumblings are made legitimately to the CCRB, through the city's 311 data framework, online at nyc. gov/ccrb, or at any Precinct inside as far as possible. This was the third emphasis (after an endeavor by Mayor Lindsay and Mayor Koch before to make â€Å"mixed† audit sheets), however was the first to utilize an all regular citizen Board and insightful staff. [4] [edit] Today The CCRB leaves today as a completely free considerate office, set up with 100 specialists and around twelve different workers. Moreover, three officials from the NYPD's Monitoring and Analysis Section of the Department Advocate's Office work with the CCRB at their office at 40 Rector Street. Their job is to give the Investigators access to certain confined NYPD documentation rapidly and effectively without holding up the long preparing period record demands typically take (once in a while outliving the course of an examination). The organization is going by the 13 board individuals, who concede everyday operational order to an Executive Director (right now Ms. Joan Thompson, as of September 18, 2007, officially Ms. Florence Finkle, Esq. , who is then trailed by the First Deputy Executive Director, which was in the past known as the Assistant Deputy Executive Director before that position was changed into its new structure (this later position stays unfilled). The Agency at that point isolates into a few divisions, the biggest being the Investigative division driven by a Deputy Executive Director of Investiga tions, trailed by four Assistant Deputy Executive Directors of Investigations. In any case, because of spending cuts in 2009, the Deputy Executive Director of Investigations and three of the Assistant Deputy Executive Directors of Investigations were disposed of, leaving the Examinations division under bearing of the First Deputy Executive Director and one Assistant Deputy Executive Director of Investigations. [5] The division is then separated into 8 Investigative Teams, drove by an Investigative Manager, alongside a Supervising Investigator and an Assistant Supervising Investigator. At first, there had been 7 Investigative Team Managers, with two groups sharing one director, however in mid 2010, spending slices have constrained the organization to rebuild under 6 Investigative Managers. Advancements to Assistant Supervising Investigator and Supervising Investigator are not really allowed to Investigators dependent on residency or rate or aftereffect of examinations. [5] The rest of the Investigators fall into Level I and Level II, which just signifies residency, experience and pay grade. The office is likewise separated into an Administrative Division, which incorporates Human Resources, Information Management Unit and the Case Management Unit (which stores all records of past cases), among others, which is driven by the Deputy Executive Director of Administration. 5] There are then four different directorships, the Research and Strategic Initiatives Director, Mediation Unit Director, Director of Intergovernmental and Legal Affairs, and the Press Secretary. In any case, 2009 spending cuts have likewise caused the Press Secretary and Outreach Unit to be disposed of. There is likewise a lawyer, Mr. Grahram Daw, Esq. , who fills in as the Agency's lawful insight. These units praise and serve the Investigations Unit, which goes about as the fundamental point of convergence of the Agency. [5]

Lab Report of the Preparation of Cds Free Essays

Test REPORT (PREPARATION OF CdS) Experiment Purposes 1. To ace the correct activities just as the reasonable circumstances of environmental weight filtration, vacuum filtration, diffusive partition precipitation washing 2. To comprehend the connection between precipitation state % accelerating conditions 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lab Report of the Preparation of Cds or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now To get familiar with the best approach to analyze whether reactants are completely accelerated 4. To get familiar with the principals of powder material orchestrating through room temperature strong stage technique fluid stage strategy directional developing rystal type of precipitation Experiment Principals 1. the procedure of precipitation shaping constitutive precious stone particle collecting developing framing cores silt particals undefined precipitation gem cores 2. the order of precipitations shapeless precipitation, molecule width littler than 0. 02 m, ex. Fe(OH)3. the hydroxide of metals of high oxidation number would develop directionally with low rate, however aggregate quick, framing nebulous precipitation curd-like precipitation, molecule distance across 0. 02~0. 1 m, ex. AgCl precious stone type of precipitation, distance across 0. 1~1 m, ex. BaSO4. Inorganic salts with solid polarizability develop directionally with high rate, framing precious stone type of precipitation 3. Cds is a semiconductor material generally use. It very well may be preparated through room temperature strong stage strategy fluid stage technique gas stage strategy. Use CdSO4 and NaS as reactants, through both room temperature strong stage technique fluid stage strategy to get ready CdS(s). Look at the two different ways of arrangement and their effect on item detachment. Responses as ollows, CdSO4+2NaS=CdS+Na2SO4 Chemical reagents: CdSO4(s), Na2S(s), 0. 3M HCL(aq), 0. 5M CdSO4(aq), 1M BaCl2(aq), generally pH tests strips, mortar, outward content cylinder, heat broiler, rotator, vacuum filtration contraption, and so on. Examination Steps And Phenomena Room temperature strong stage technique 1. as per the hypothetically volume of item ought to be 1. 44g, gauge certain measure of CdSO4(s) and NaS(s), blend in dried human, at that point crush for 10-20 min. | In the human, White particles gradually transformed into orange powders, rotten one smell is yield. | 2. he item is moved to a measuring utencil and washed with refined water for multiple times, until the supernatant is tried pH6 with pH test strips, and white precipitation isn't seen when BaCl2(aq) is included the supernatant. at that point the precipitation is isolated through vacuum filtration. At that point precipitation is washed with ethanol. | In the measuring glass, yellow arrangement is gotten and there’s orange precipitations. The pH test strips shows its pH is littler than 6, and no white precipitation is watched. After filtration, we can get profound orange wet strong on the channel paper| 3. The item is dried in stove for 0. 5hr under 130 degrees, weigh until the item is chilled off and ascertain the item rate. | orange dried powders are gotten, gauged 1. 22g. | Liquid stage strategy 1, gauge certain measure of hydrated NaS, to plan 1M of NaS solution| Colorless arrangement is acquired. | 2. measure 20ml of CdSO4 arrangement, gradually blend in with NaS(aq) while mixing in the recepticle. at that point suck up 1-2 drops of supernatant and spot them in a test tube, acidized with 0. 3M HCl, at that point drop 1M NaS(aq). f yellow precipitation isn't watched, it demonstrates Cd2+ is encouraged totally. | The blended arrangement transformed into yellow and orange precipitation is shaped. yellow precipitation isn't watched. Additionally possesses a scent like rotten one. | 3. move the item into divergent test tubes, and isolated in axis. after centrifugation, the supernatant in test tubes is drawn with droppers, the precipitation is washed with refined water, until the supern atant is tried pH;6 with pH test strips, and white precipitation isn't seen when BaCl2(aq) is included the supernatant. At that point the precipitation is isolated through vacuum filtration. At that point precipitation is washed with ethanol. | After centrifugation, dull supernatant and orange precipitation in the base of the cylinder is watched. The pH test strips shows its pH is littler than 6, and no white precipitation is watched. After filtration, we can get profound orange wet strong on the channel paper| 4. The item is dried in broiler for 0. 5hr under 130 degrees, weigh until the item is chilled off and figure the item rate. | orange dried powders are gotten, gauged 2. 2g. | Experiment Result Comparision | Liquid stage method| Solid stage method| Appearance of products| Orange dried powders, with marginally greater particles| Orange dried powders, particles are small| Theoretically volume of product| 1. 44g| 1. 44g| Volume of product| 2. 62g| 1. 22g| Product rate| 181. 9%| 84. 7%| Reasons that may prompt the distinction between hypothesis worth and genuine value| 1. item isn't completely dried 2. blunders while gauging NaS| 1. some portion of items are lost during test process| Discussions 1. What is the benefit of strong stage strategy? The examination steps are rearranged, and less advance will cause less lost of item during tasks, the item is cleaner. 2. While filtration, does the channel paper grow after wetted by water? On the off chance that wet channel paper has a width greater than the Buchner funnel’s , in what manner will the filtration be affected? The channel paper extends a short while after wetted. the channel paper can't be adhered to surface of pipe near one another, and lead into lost of precipitation during filtration. The most effective method to refer to Lab Report of the Preparation of Cds, Essay models

Caltech Admissions The SAT, ACT Scores and GPA You Need to Get In

Here at Magoosh, weve covered a lot of colleges. Weve written about a lot of top programs. But with California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the standard language to describe how awesome schools are just isnt enough. Consistently named one of the top ten universities in the world, Caltechs alumni include numerous Nobel Laureates, winners of national and international accolades, and the highest percentage of graduates of any U.S. institution that go on to get doctorates. Caltech isnt for everyone—but if that sounds tempting, read on for everything you need to know about how to get into Caltech: Caltech SAT scores, Caltech ACT scores, and Caltech admissions. Before we do a deep dive into everything you need to know about how to get into Caltech, here are the basic Caltech admissions stats at a glance. Caltech at a Glance Cal Tech SAT Scores (middle 50%)1530-1570 Cal Tech ACT Scores (middle 50%)35–36 Cal Tech admissions rate6.4% Cal Tech GPA average N/A Caltech SAT Scores If youre thinking about applying to Caltech, youre probably prepared to work pretty hard on the SAT or ACT. If you havent seen the average scores, though, hold onto your seats†¦Caltech SAT scores are pretty much perfection. Math 790-800 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing740-780 What does this tell us about Caltech SAT scores? First of all, Math is ever-so-slightly more important to Caltech admissions than Evidence-Based Reading and Writing is. But really, only a tiny bit more. 75% of Caltech students score a 790 or higher on SAT Math, while 75% score a 740 or higher in Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. In both cases, were still looking at stratospheric scores. Is it worth retaking the SAT if your scores dont fall into the Caltech SAT scores range? If Caltechs your top-choice school, the answer is almost definitely. This is particularly true if you scored below a 790 in Math. Ideally, youd have scores in the upper 700s in both sections, though. Getting these kinds of scores takes lots of preparation. Most students find that theyll get their best SAT scores by taking the exam more than once; just make sure that youre using the best materials you can find and putting in the time to continually evaluate how your study plans working. Caltech ACT Scores Coming down from the shock of Caltech SAT scores? Take a deep breath, because Caltechs ACT scores are just as competitive. Section25th Percentile75th Percentile English 3536 Math3536 Similar to Caltechs SAT scores, Caltechs ACT scores are at the very top of the scoring range. 75% of Caltech students scored a 35 or 36 in ACT Math and ACT English. So again, what were looking at here is a situation in which you want to get as close to a perfect score as possible. For almost all students, this will mean taking the exams more than once, with a solid preparation plan. Dont get down on yourself if you dont achieve a perfect score the first time around; hardly anyone does! But with time and effort, you may still be able to achieve a score within the Caltech ACT scores range. Caltech Acceptance Rate Given the scores weve looked at so far, its not going to be a huge surprise to learn that Caltechs admissions rate is low†¦really low. Last year, the school admitted only 6.4% of applicants. They have a very small student body (with entering freshman classes of around 235 students) and are among the most selective colleges in the nation. One thing to keep in mind as you apply to selective schools is that the applicant pool is already somewhat self-selecting: students dont want to waste time and money applying to colleges that they have low chances of getting into. So how can you distinguish yourself in the very competitive Caltech applicant pile and become part of that 8%? Ashley C. of Transizion points out, To make the cut, you’ll need exceptional aptitude for and interest in science, engineering, and technology. More than that, though, youll have to demonstrate your aptitude and interest in these areas (commonly known as STEM subjects). Read more from Ashley below: Here’s how to showcase your STEM skills and passion: Techers are gifted in math and science, so focus on earning high test scores in these areas. If your test scores aren’t up to scratch, highlight your math and science abilities in other portions of the application. If you’ve completed research or taken courses outside of school, be sure to include these experiences in your application as well. Caltech welcomes supplementary materials such as a research paper you’ve completed or an additional evaluation from a research mentor. Beyond simply excelling in math and science, students who receive acceptance letters from Caltech love these subjects. Let this passion shine through in your short answers and essays. Because Caltech is so selective, the written portion of the application is vital. Take your time and show the admissions team who you are and why you’d be a great fit. As you work on your application, consider the following: What about STEM excites you? How can you demonstrate your curiosity? Show the admissions team that you’re enthusiastic and ready to push the boundaries of scientific discovery. Caltech GPA Average Test scores arent the only way to make your Caltech application stand out. Your GPA is also a vital part of your application. While Caltech doesnt release the GPAs of admitted students, the test scores and admissions rate indicate that the average GPA is likely to be above 4.0, as most students will have taken some AP or other advanced-level courses weighted out of 5.0. Those stats can be a little scary to look at. If your GPA or test scores arent within Caltechs ranges, how to get into Caltech? Is it even possible? Sure! But your application should really shine in other areas. Ashley of Transizion explains that Science, math, and technology should be the theme or story of your Caltech application. In other words, both your essays and letters of recommendation should help you tell this story. Caltech Freshman Profile Other than being ridiculously smart and high-scoring on tests, what distinguishes Caltech freshman? This past year, 44% of the entering class was comprised of women, with the remaining students identifying as male. 32% of students were from what Caltech admissions deems underrepresented ancestry, while 6% of students were international. Caltech students arent just about academics. Students also play ice hockey, run a fashion business, do stand-up comedy, play the bugle, and take part in tons of other unique activities. So even if your test scores arent quite in the Caltech SAT scores or Caltech ACT scores rangewhatever you love, make sure to let Caltech know! FAQ What is Caltech ranked? Its ranked pretty high. U.S. News World Report has Caltechs most recent ranking at #12 in National Universities. Is Caltech an Ivy League school? It is not—but that doesnt make it any less prestigious! (The Ivies are all out east.) Can you transfer to Caltech? Yes, you can—except during (or for) your senior year of college. So if at first you dont succeed†¦ How to Get Into Caltech How to get into Caltech? Youll need top-notch everything, from grades to letters of recommendation. Aim for a GPA of above 4.0 to reach the Caltech GPA average. Make sure your test scores are at the very top end of the scale, within the middle 50% of Caltech SAT scores or Caltech ACT scores. To make sure your scores are competitive for Caltech, study with Magoosh! We guarantee at least a 100-point increase for the SAT and at least a 4-point increase for the ACT or your money back! And perhaps most importantly, make your passion for STEM subjects come through clearly in your application! Though its not easy to become a Caltech student, the rewarding education students receive more than makes up for the intense admissions process. Good luck!

Best U.S. Law Schools for International Law

How The Van Pulled Into The Staging Area Where Charlie Team

The van pulled into the staging area where Charlie team was already waiting. Taryn and Marco rushed over to help Wilhelmina from the van. â€Å"You’re okay!† Taryn exclaimed, wrapping her sister in a tight hug. â€Å"Come on, let’s get you to Medical.† Brad hopped out of the van behind them and ran ahead to open the door. Nikolas climbed out of the van and started to follow, but Ayana held out her arm to stop him. â€Å"Come with me.† Nikolas reluctantly followed his eldest sister from the room. Wilhelmina glanced back at them; concerned, but Nikolas just rolled his eyes and pointed at Ayana. â€Å"What do you want, Ayana?† Nikolas asked, a couple of minutes later. They had been walking in silence and he was getting more and more annoyed by the second.†¦show more content†¦He was hurt that his own sister could say something so horrible to him. She had no idea what he had done to make sure that Brad was safe. Eris had started teaching him how to phase objects by vibrating their molecules; allowing solid objects to pass through each other. He’d only been able to do it once in class and he had no clue what had made him attempt it at the mansion. All he knew, was that the second the gun had gone off, he d simply reacted on instinct; phasing the bullet enough to pass harmlessly through Brad. Eris had warned Nikolas against phasing denser objects before he was strong enough, and the bloody tears seemed to validate Eris s insistence that he wasn t ready. At that moment, however, he wasn t going to explain; he wanted to hurt Ayana too, and he could only think of one way. â€Å"Careful, you’re starting to sound like our dear old dad,† Nikolas spat with as much venom as he could. He saw it on her face before she punched him, but he didn’t try to stop it. The blow knocked him back another step. Nikolas wiped blood from his mouth with the back of his hand. â€Å"Daddy hits harder, though.† Enraged, Ayana hit him again; grabbing the front of his shirt to keep him standing. Nikolas spat a mouthful of blood on Ayana’s white carpet. He looked up at his sister. He could see the pain and anger on her face, but he didn’t care. â€Å"You can do better than that... mom.† NikolasShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEducation, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publis her was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behaviorRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesplease submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Managing information technology / CarolRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure [9.1.3] 9.1.1 Organization charts 1.4.4 Project offices Chapter 4 9.2 Building the team (.1.3) [3.5.3] [App G.2 Building teams] 9.4 Managing the team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesfitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives orwritten sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products andRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesis usually used to translate plan sequence rather than shot sequence. Simi ´ xi x A NOTE ON THE TRANSLATION larly dolly in and dolly out are used rather than forward and rear. Mise en scà ¨ne is also retained in its filmic use, while staging is used to describe a stage production. The term constantif, which Metz borrowed from Austin, should be rendered by constantive and not by ascertaining (p. 25). Finally, actor to translate Greimas s concept of actant is misleading and actant

Challenges During The Process Of Hiring A New President - samples

Question: Discuss about the Challenges During The Process Of Hiring A New President. Answer: Role of an effective leader Being a leader means carrying out the duties and responsibilities of a company. A leader holds the company with his or her values. As a leader, he must hold skills of motivation, positivity, delegating, positivity, feedback, communication and creativity. Recruiting a new President for a company mostly depends on the situation of the company. Hiring a new President is the most significant job a board does. Therefore, choosing the right one is necessary, as it will make the company successful. However, there are criteria for choosing a candidate suitable or who is fit to be a President of the company (Daft, 2014). The board of directors must take into the qualification of the candidate into account. The board has to face a few challenges during the process of hiring a new President. The board demands the President to increase shareholder value of the company. Leadership skills and criteria for selection of a Leader The criteria for hiring a new President banks on the circumstances and conditions of the company. Firstly, the board needs to hold a meeting and discuss the possibilities clearly, as to how and what they want the new President to achieve and ideally come to some agreement. Leading significant alteration is a tough challenge and it generally requires a proper and experienced leader who will have a fresh outlook on the company (Renko et al., 2015). The basic criteria is to look at the size of the organization the candidate has run before. For instance, if a board is recruiting for a $800 million company, one would not consider a President who ran a $500 million company. Similarly, boards will never recruit a person who has run a $50 million company to run a $20 billion company (Burns, 2016). If the company is less than 10 times the size of the Presidents experience then that individual will not be overwhelmed by the alteration. This concept is very restrictive. There are two sized rela ted considerations. The first one is whether the President candidate is experienced enough to run private or public companies. There is a major difference between the two and the President must have an experience of running public companies with the board of a public company. The second consideration is related to the number of locations or the international size of the business (Eichinger Lombardo, 2015). If the President has no experience in international business then it is a huge hassle if the individual is moving to a company that activates worldwide. After these two considerations, once the candidate has achieved the size related criteria, the next issue is the individuals experience in the industry (Fairhurst, G, Connaughton, 2014). Importance of a leader The responsibility of a President is to possess the vision of the company that is difficult carry out if the individual does not have a good comprehension of the companys industry. Generally, there are two existing key areas to discover the potential candidates that cover the initial strategic challenges, which a new President will face. The opportunity to get the title of a President is extremely appealing to plenty of talented executives and it frequently attracts people who will never think of working for a new company in any other role (Block, 2016). The challenge in this situation is that very few other roles in a company adequately prepare someone for the role of a President. The board selects that individual who had the designation of a general Manager in a larger company by thinking that the role can be compared to the role of a President. Similarly, some of the jobs are similar to that of a General Manager. It is unusual to find large company sales executive that can do a be tter transition to the role of a Presidents at a smaller company (Senge, Hamilton Kania, 2015). Finding a successful President at a smaller company to run a bigger company is quite difficult. The transition will be much easier as the process of learning curve will be shorter. A President is the leader who must give importance to attending tasks and work relationships. A leader should have the ability to reach out to all his or her employees and communicate a vision with them. Hiring or recruiting a new President for a company is treated as one of the biggest challenges a board faces. The board needs to comprehend and agree on what the Presidents role is and what is the situation of the company and what the company is trying to establish. Thereafter, it will be easier to select the correct criteria for choosing a candidate who will be successful. In majority of the companies, board of directors serve as a source of advice and counsel and offers some sort of disciplinary value to act in the situation of crisis. Most Presidents and outside board members agree that the role of directors is highly advisory and does not have a nature of making decision. The management exists to manage the company and the board of directors focuses on the hiring of a new President (Antonakis Day, 2017). The board serves as sources of advice and counsel to the management. However, maximum numbers of Presidents exploit the sources of advice that are represented on the board especially during the meetings. Leadership traits for this position For the selection criteria, an ideal candidate for the post of the President, must possess the following qualifications. Firstly, having a University degree from a reputed and recognized institution is must. If the individual has a designation of professional accounting, it would be considered as an asset. Secondly, the individual should have an experience of proven transactional leadership experience that deals in the evaluation and in leading transactions in a set of commercial settings. The individual should have leadership experience in large organizations that deal with business of international level and management of financial resources and human. When it comes to experience, he must also have the experience of an entrepreneur with a medium sized or small business, which would be treated as an asset (Johnston Marshall, 2016). Thirdly, a candidate for the role of a President must possess the knowledge and understanding of the business activities along with the public policies. An individual must have the knowledge and understanding of the corporate lending practices, transaction structures and investments that are engaged with the management and development of the financial instruments. Along with this, an individual must be educated enough to have knowledge of sound corporate governance and principles of the requirements of the management (Priest Gass, 2017). Ability to handle conflict and overcome obstacles A candidate applying for the post of a President in a company should have the ability of a solid strategic sense, proper thinking, innovation and alteration of skills at the time of the development of business strategies, policy-making activities and corporate planning. He or she must have the capability to built effective working relationships with the Board of Directors, the Deputy Minister and the Ministers along with his or her office. To become a President of a company, he or she must be able to act as the spokesperson by showing off its communication skills in both oral and written form for representing the stakeholders, governments, media, other organizations and public institutions. Lastly, he or she must possess high ethical standards, capability of being fair and integrity. Having ethical traits will make the leader a better person and will increase the goodwill of the company. He or she must have the skills in resolving any sort of dispute in the companies. However, a person cannot be elected as a President if that particular individual is neither a citizen of Europe nor a permanent resident of that country. He must have been an employer in the public service of a province. Concerning this, it is noteworthy to mention here that a President of a company should be that individual who has the capability to communicate well, organize the tasks, and motivate others. The board of directors will get convinced to elect such an individual as the President of the company if he or she possesses the above mentioned qualities. The procedure of appointing a new President of a company requires the vote by the Board. References: Antonakis, J., Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Block, P. (2016).The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work. John Wiley Sons. Burns, P. (2016).Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Eichinger, R., Lombardo, M. (2015).Twenty-two ways to develop leadership in staff managers. Center for Creative leadership. Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Priest, S., Gass, M. (2017).Effective Leadership in Adventure Programming, 3E. Human Kinetics. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., Brnnback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 54-74. Senge, P., Hamilton, H., Kania, J. (2015). The dawn of system leadership.Stanford Social Innovation Review,13(1), 27-33.

The Canadianâ€United States Boundaries

Table of Contents Introduction Hypothesis Relations between the Two States Importance of Free Movement of Goods and People Effects of Cross-border Regulations Conclusion Reference List Introduction The Canadian–United States boundary formally referred to as the global border, is the greatest boundary in the world. The global border, consisting of small sections of marine borders on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic shorelines, over and above the Great Lakes is 8,891 kilometres in length, including 2,475 kilometres connecting with Alaska.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Canadian–United States Boundaries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People from both states who own land neighbouring the boundary are obliged to inform the governments about any erection of physical boundary passing their land. The International border committee ensures that this is achieved. Where necessary, barriers or automobile barricades are utilized. Each individual crossing the boundary is required to inform the relevant customs and migration bureaus in each state. In secluded regions where personnel boundary crossings are not accessible, there are secreted sensors on roads and placed in woody regions next to crossing terminals and on various trails and railways. However, there are no sufficient boundary staffs on either side to authenticate and impede corresponding incursions. In recent years, Canadian bureaucrats have protested as regards to drug, cigarette and weaponry trafficking from the United States whereas the US administrators have criticized drug trafficking from Canada1. In 2005 for instance, law implementation staff detained three people who had erected a 360-foot passageway under the boundary between British Columbia and Washington that they planned to utilize for smuggling marijuana. Hypothesis In the current international system, states exist according to the Hobbestian state o f nature meaning that life is brutal, short-lived and anarchical. Each state is concerned about the national interests. In this case, the two states that is, the US and Canada are always playing a zero-sum game. The US intends to benefit from the relationship whereas Canada wants to reap maximally from the relationship. It is not surprising that the two states would come up with foreign policies that try to outsmart those of the other.Advertising Looking for assessment on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, there is no Leviathan in the international system, which can guarantee peace and harmony. The existing body that is, the International border commission is too weak and it only exists as long as the states exist. This paper observes that the two states should abandon the strategies targeting a zero-sum game and adopt win-win strategies. For this to happen, the US should think about the b enefits of cooperation and suspend its national interest, which is related to border security. Strict measures at the border are not safe for trade. Free movement of goods and services should be enhanced to speed up the process of national development in both states2. The main hypothesis would therefore be â€Å"Free movement of goods, services and people is beneficial to the US and Canada†. This hypothesis is reinforced by other premises arguing that border security is an expensive understanding that would cost the two states millions of dollars but national interests would not be achieved. This paper seeks to refute the popular notion that maintaining a tight security at the border would benefit a state both economically and socio-politically. The paper observes that barring people from trading with the international community would be suicidal to the growth and development of the economy. For the two states, it would be tragic since they are the centres of power in the glo bal system, both politically and economically. Blocking the borders is therefore a defective policy for the two states in case their economies are to perform strongly in the global market. Relations between the Two States According to the World-Systems theory, the international system is divided into three, including the core, the periphery, and the semi-periphery. The core is the leader of the world economy while the periphery comprises of the third world, whose economies are still emerging. The semi-periphery is in-between the core and the periphery. Their economies are not performing poorly as compared to those of the periphery. In this case, the US and Canada depend on each other for the stability of their economies. In fact, their financial systems are more stable as compared to those of other developed states.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Canadian–United States Boundaries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is attributable to the high-intensity trade that has been taking place between the two states since the Second World War3. Canada embraced the ideas of the US after the Second World War and decided to engage it in commerce. Through this association, Canada has been able to develop economically. The US on the other hand boosts of a large market since it is free to distribute goods freely within the region, including Canada. Developing some barriers would be detrimental to the economies and the position of the two states in the international system. It is established that the interaction of the two states is very important as far as regional integration is concerned. The stability of North American region depends on the willingness of the two states to cooperate in terms of economic and political aspects. Since the September 11 attack, the US was forced to change its approaches as regards to foreign relations. The US was more preoccupied with the issue of securi ty to an extent of suspecting economic relations between itself and Canada. It was mandatory for the officials to evaluate the policies in order to achieve national security. As one scholar noted, the two states adopted the policy of bi-national in 1999 in order to achieve certain goals and aims4. The two states came up with three policies, which included synchronization of managing strategies, development of teamwork with an aim of enhancing efficiencies in migration, enforcement of rules, customs, and safeguarding the atmosphere, and partnership in terms of security issues. Through utilization of these three doctrines in the bi-national administration of the boundary, policy makers in the two states were extremely hopeful that free movement of people, goods and services would generate a profitable relationship that encourages financial development, as well as increasing security across the boundary.Advertising Looking for assessment on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as earlier noted, the September 11 radical assault distorted the precedence of the United States5. Martins claims that the United States stiffened security controls at the boundary after the September 11, which led to negative financial effects because both states utilized millions of dollars on defense6. Furthermore, such polices slowed down the distribution of products due to inspection. Therefore, the question being asked by many scholars is whether the two states need to focus on border safety at the expense of a profitable trade. To counter this query, this essay scrutinizes the importance of free movement of goods. The paper further evaluates the effects of border security on trade. Importance of Free Movement of Goods and People In the current international system, it is legal to enter into trade negotiations with other states in order to bolster the economy. Border trade specifically refers to the kind of trade that takes place in regions experiencing easy border cr ossings. Furthermore, it entails movement of goods from one region experiencing excesses to other regions experiencing deficits. In this case, goods might be cheaper in one place and very expensive in others. Inter-state trade allows manufacturers to take their commodities to regions experiencing shortages. In this case, profits would be maximized. In the North American region, the two states that is, the US and Canada have varied taxation systems. Tobacco and Alcohol are taxed highly in the United States. Therefore, it would be prudent for manufactures to take the two commodities to Canada where taxation is a bit low. Through this, profits would be maximized. Due to security purposes, cross border limitations would hamper this kind of association, leading to losses on the part of manufactures. Inter-state trade leads to the formation of regional blocs and organizations. For instance, the North American region formed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which condensed t he obstacles and taxes that usually affect businesses. Cross-border trade is beneficial to both retailers and consumers. To retailers and manufacturers, the market is extensive. On the side of customers, individuals have the opportunity to select products that suit their needs well. The market in this case operates according to its on logics. Consumers would have the chance of picking commodities that satisfy them using the available resources7. Through this, the economies of the two states are stabilized. In 2008, goods worth $2 billion were traded in the between the US and Canada. Another advantage of cross-border trade is that individuals benefit from currency volatility. Therefore, restricting people from moving freely would be costly in the region. Effects of Cross-border Regulations Political economists argue that closing the borders would be dangerous for both Canada and the US. The two states should not try to temper with the economy of the region by closing or advocating fo r the closure of the borders. Scholars of political economy argue that the state should never interfere with the activities of the economy. They however concede that the state should only intervene in case the market experiences some turmoil. Controlling the population from moving from one state to another violates their rights of seeking employment opportunities. In fact, it is factual that people would try moving to other places through unscrupulous means, which are even dangerous. Others die while trying to reach the US. In Europe, the European Union allows people and services to move freely8. This has improved the economies of weaker states such as Romania and has augmented the economies of the developed nations such as Germany and France. Such movements in Europe are constructive hence the US and Canada should emulate. In case the two governments attempt to close the borders, the security would be compromised further because people would come up with alternative migration route s. In other words, immigration control only worsens the security of the region. Underground or illegal immigrations have worse effects as compared to legal migration because it affects both the government and the society. Insecurity in society would be compromised since the illegal immigrants are not known by the security agencies. For instance, the number of people hiring the services of coyote in the Mexican border has increased recently. Therefore, opening the border between Canada and the US would boost the economy of the region and enhance security. In a study conducted recently, the findings concluded that the US has been benefiting from immigration since 1990 to 20049. Through immigration, the wages of Americans increased by a reasonable percentage meaning that the living standards of many would depreciate in case borders are closed. Generally, closing the borders would impede growth in the region. However, some scholars believe that opening the borders would minimize the cha nces of success for many Americans. Some think that foreigners would grab the few opportunities available for Americans since the global world very competitive. A minority in society holds this view. It therefore follows that migration is constructive for both states hence tempering with it would be harmful their economies. Conclusion The US and Canada have always enjoyed a positive relationship since independence. After the Second World War, the Canadian authorities embraced capitalism and decided to support the US because of its ideas. The US accepted Canada as its trading partner and was quick to allow Canadian products to be traded in the state. In the same way, Canada allowed American goods to be traded within its territory. This shows that the two states enjoyed a cordial relationship until 2001 when terrorists attacked the US. After the September 11 attack, the US changed its foreign policies towards Canada. It introduced checkpoints in various places, which has always affect ed trade. It is recommended that such restrictions are not good for the two states. Reference List Andreas P. A Tale of Two Borders: The U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada Lines After 9-11. The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies. 2003: 1-15. Fergusson I. United States-Canada Trade and Economic Relationships: Prospects and Challenges. Congressional Research Service. 2008. [cited 2012 March 22]: 1-26. Web. Forest J. Homeland Security: Borders and Points of Entry. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group; 2006. Friedman KA. The Border After 9/11- Security Trumps All. Policy Options [internet]. 2010. [cited 2012 March 22]. 51-55. Web. Lennox TD. A Smarter Border Starts at the Airport. Policy Options [internet]. 2011 March [cited 2012 March 22]: 67-91. Web. Martin P. The Mounting Costs of Securing the â€Å"Undefended† Border. Policy Options [Internet]. 2006 July-August [cited 2006 November 17]. 15-18. Web. Meyers D. Does â€Å"Smarter† Lead to Safer? An Assessment of the US Border Accords with Canada and Mexico. International Migration. 2003; 41(4): 5- 44. Schott J, Smith M, editors. The Cana-United Sates Free Trade Agreement: The Global Impact. New York: Institute for Research on Public Policy; 1988. Vance A. Strategic Responses by Canadian and U.S Exporters to Increased U.S Border Security Measures: A firm-level Analysis. Canada-United States Trade Center. 2008. [cited 2012 March 22]: 1-32. This assessment on The Canadian–United States Boundaries was written and submitted by user Santiago N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.